Refereed Journal Papers

• Shahzad, F., Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “DV-maxHop: A Fast and Accurate Range-Free Localization Algorithm for Anisotropic Wireless Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, IEEE, in press.
• Sheltami, T., Shahra, E., Shakshuki, E., “Perfomance Comparison of Three Localization Protocols in WSN using Cooja”, International Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, Springer, accepted.
• Jabeur, N., Yasar, A., Elhadi Shakshuki, E., Haddad, H., “Toward a Bio-Inspired Adaptive Spatial Clustering Approach for IoT Applications”, International Journal of Future Generation Computer Systems, Elsevier, accepted.
• Eltayesh, F, Bentahar, J., Mizouni, R., Otrok, H., Shakshuki, E., “Refined Game-Theoretic Approach to Improve Authenticity of Outsourced Databases”, International Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, Springer, accepted.
• Maratha, B, Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “Performance Evaluation of Topology Based Routing Protocols in a VANET Highway Scenario”, International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies, IGI Global, vol. 8, issue 1, 2017.
• Shahra, E, Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “A Comparative Study of Range-Free and Range-Based Localization Protocols for Wireless Sensor Network Using COOJA Simulator”, International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies, IGI Global, vol. 8, issue 1, 2017.
• Shahzad, F., Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “Multi-objective Optimization for a Reliable Localization Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Journal of Communications and Networks, IEEE, vol. 18, issue 5, pp. 796-805, 2016.
• Sheltami, T., Musaddiq, M., Shakshuki, E., “Data Compression Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks”, Future Generation Computer Systems, Elsevier, vol. 64, November, pp. 151-162, 2016.
• Sheltami, T., Khan, S., Shakshuki, E., Menshawi, M. “Continuous Objects Detection and Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, Springer, vol. 7, issue 4, August, pp. 489-508, 2016.
• Sheltami, T., Bala, A., Shakshuki, E., “Wireless Sensor Networks For Leak Detection In Pipelines: A Survey, International Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, Springer, June, vol. 7, issue 3, pp. 347- 356, 2016.
• Shahzad, F., Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “Effect of Network Topology on Localization Algorithm's Performance”, International Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, Springer, June, vol. 7, issue 3, pp. 445-454, 2016.
• Sheltami, T., Sattar, D., Shakshuki, E., Mahmoud, A., “Real-Time Performance Evaluation for Flooding and Recursive Time Synchronization Protocols over Arduino and XBee”, International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Hindawi Publishing, 2015.
• Almadani, B., Khan, S., Bajwa, M. Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “AVL and Monitoring for Massive Traffic Control System over DDS”, International Journal of Mobile Information Systems, Hindawi Publishing, 2015.
• Alkhdour, T., Shakshuki, E., Baroudi, A, Selim, S, “A Cross-Layer Optimization Modeling for A Periodic WSN Application”, International Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 81, issue 3, pp. 516-532, 2015.
• Akhlaq, A., Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “C3: An Energy-efficient Protocol for Coverage, Connectivity and Communication in WSNs, International Journal of Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Springer, vol. 18, issue 5, pp. 1117-1133, 2014.
• Shakshuki, E., Malik, H., Sheltami, T., “WSN in Cyber Physical Systems: Enhanced Energy Management Routing Approach Using Software Agents”, Future Generation Computer Systems, Elsevier, vol. 31, issue 1, pp. 93-104, 2014.
• Sheltami, T., Basabaa, A., Shakshuki, E., “A3ACKs: Adaptive Three Acknowledgments Intrusion Detection System for MANETs, International Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, Springer, vol. 5, issue 4, pp. 611-620, August 2014.
• Shakshuki, E., Hossain, M., “A Personal Meeting Scheduling Agent”, International Journal of Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Springer, vol. 18, issue 4, pp. 909-922, April 2014.
• Shakshuki, E., Kang, N., Sheltami, T., “EAACK – A Secure Intrusion Detection System for MANETs”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1089-1098, March 2013.
• Shakshuki, E., Alghamdi, W., Sheltami, T., “Integrated Context-Aware Driver Assistance System Architecture”, International Journal of Mobile Information Systems, IOS Press, vol. 9, issue 3, pp. 225-240, July 2013.
• Akhlaq, M., Sheltami, T., Helgeson, B., Shakshuki, E., “Designing an Integrated Driver Assistance System Using Image Sensors”, International Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Springer, vol. 23, issue 6, pp. 2109-2132, 2012.
• Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., Mouftah, H., “A Web-Based Application of TELOSB Sensor Network”, International Journal of Mobile Information Systems, IOS Press, vol. 7, issue 2, pp. 147-163, 2011.
• Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., Mouftah, H., “Video Streaming Application over WEAC Protocol in MANET”, International Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences (JCSS), Elsevier, vol. 77, issue 4, pp. 705-719, 2011.
• Shakshuki, E., Malik, H., Sheltami, T., “A Comparative Study on Simulation vs. Real Time Deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Journal of Systems and Software, Elsevier, vol. 84, issue 1, pp. 45-54, 2011.
• Shakshuki, E., Xing, X., Sheltami, T., “Fault Reconnaissance Agent for Sensor Networks”, International Journal of Mobile Information Systems, IOS Press, vol. 6, issue 3, pp. 229-247, 2010.
• Ma, Z., Silver, D., Shakshuki, E., “User Profile Management: Reference Model and Web Services Implementation”, International Journal of Web and Grid Services (IJWGS), Inderscience Publisher, vol. 6, issue 1, pp. 1-34, 2010.
• Shakshuki, E., Matin, R., “Intelligent Learning Agent for Collaborative Virtual Workspace”, International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 6, issue 2, pp. 131-162, 2010.
• Sheltami, T., Al-Roubaiey, A., Shakshuki, E., Mahmoud, A., “Video Transmission Enhancement in Presence of Misbehaving Nodes in MANETs”, International Journal of Multimedia Systems, Springer, vol. 15, issue 5, pp. 273-282, 2009.
• Shakshuki, E., Halliday, R., “An Agent for Web-based Structured Hypermedia Algorithm Explanation System”, Journal of Universal Computer Science, vol. 15, issue 10, pp. 2078-2108, 2009.
• Tomek, I, Shakshuki, E., “FCVW - Experiments in Groupware”, International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications (IJMCMC), Idea Group Inc., vol. 1, issue 1, pp. 29-52, 2009.
• Denko, M. Shakshuki, E., Malik, H., “Enhanced Cross-Layer Based Middleware for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Elsevier, vol. 32, issue 2, pp. 490-499, 2009.
• Shakshuki, E., Malik, H., Sheltami, T., “Multi-agent Based Clustering Approach to Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing (IJWMC), Inderscience Publisher, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 165- 176, 2009.
• Shakshuki, E., Malik, H., Denko, M., “Software Agent-based Directed Diffusion in Wireless Sensor Network”, Journal of Telecommunication Systems, Springer, vol. 38, pp. 161-174, 2008.
• Shakshuki, E., Koo, H., Benoit, D., Silver, D., “A Distributed Multi-agent Meeting Scheduler”, Journal of Computer and System Sciences (JCSS), Elsevier Science, special issue, vol. 74, issue 2, pp. 279-296, 2008.
• Shakshuki, E., Kerren, A., Müldner, T., “Web-based Structured Hypermedia Algorithm Explanation System”, International Journal of Web Information Systems (IJWIS), Emerald Publisher, vol. 3 issue 3, pp. 179-197, 2007.
• Shakshuki, E., Trudel, A., Xu, Y., “A Multi-Agent Temporal Constraint Satisfaction System Based on Allen’s Interval Algebra and Probabilities”, International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering (IJITWE), Idea Group Inc., vol. 2, issue 2, pp. 45-64, 2007.
• Müldner, T. and Shakshuki, E., “Explaining Algorithms: A New Perspective”, International Journal of Distance Education Technologies (JDET), Idea Group Inc., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 6-23, 2006.
• Shakshuki, E., Prabhu, O., Tomek, I., “FCVW Agent Framework”, International Journal of Information and Software Technology, Elsevier Science, special issue, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 385-392, 2006.
• Ma, Z., Silver, D. and Shakshuki, E., “Business Agent Framework for User Profile Management in Enterprise Networks”, Journal of Business and Technology Special Issue on Business Agents and the Semantic Web, vol.1, no.1, pp. 32-41, 2005.
• Shakshuki, E., Luo, Z. and Gong, J., “A Security System Implementation Using Software Agents”, International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking (IJHPCN), Inderscience publishers, vol. 3, nos. 5/6, pp. 366-377, 2005.
• Shakshuki, E. and Abu-draz, S., “Multi-agent System Architecture to Trading Systems”, International Journal of Interconnection Networks, Special Issue on Advanced Information Networking: P2P Systems and Distributed Applications, World Scientific, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 283-302, 2005.
• Shakshuki, E., Ponnambalam, K. and Vlach, J., “Inverse-free Second Moment Method for Electrical Systems with Uncertain Parameters”, International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33, pp. 135-145, 2005.
• Shakshuki, E., Luo, Z. and Gong, J., “An Agent-based Approach to Security Service”, International Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 28, no. 3, Elsevier Science Journal, pp. 183-208, 2005.
• Shakshuki, E., Ghenniwa, H. and Kamel, M., “Agent-based System Architecture for Dynamic and Open Environments”, International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making, World Scientific, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 105-133, 2003.
• Shakshuki, E., Ghenniwa, H. and Kamel, M., “An Architecture for Cooperative Information Systems”, International Journal of Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 16, no. 1, Elsevier Science Journal, pp. 17-27, 2003.
• Shakshuki, E. and Ponnambalam, K., “Automatic Formulation of Inverse Free Second Moment Method for Algebraic Systems’’, Journal of Reliability Engineering and System Safety, vol. 76, no. 1, Elsevier Science Journal, pp. 81-89, 2002.
• Shakshuki, E., Ponnambalam, K. and Wodaj, T., “Risk Analysis in Environmental Systems”, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2002.

Refereed Conference Papers

• Shahra, E., Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “Comparative Study of Fingerprint and Centroid Localization Protocol Using COOJA”, the 7th International Conference on Emerging Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks, September 19-22, pp. 16-23, London, UK, 2016.
• Shahzad, F., Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., Shaikh, O., “A Review of Latest Web Tools and Libraries for State-of-the-art Visualization”, the 7th International Conference on Emerging Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks, September 19-22, pp. 100-106, London, UK, 2016.
• Malik, H., Shakshuki, E., “Mining Collective Opinions for Comparison of Mobile Apps”, the 13th International Conference on Mobile Systems and Pervasive Computing, Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, August 15-18, pp. 168-175, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2016.
• Malik, H., Shakshuki, E., “Performance Evaluation of Techniques to Detect Discontinuity in Large-Scale-Systems”, the 11th International Conference on Future Networks and Communications, Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, August 15-18, pp. 324-331, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2016.
• Malik, H., Shakshuki, E., “Towards Identifying Performance Anomalies”, the 7th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies, Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, May 23-26, pp. 621-627, Madrid, Spain, 2016.
• Saeed, B., Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “A Network Topology Discovery Tool for Android Smart Phones”, the 6th International Conference on Emerging Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks, September 27-30, pp. 104-111, Berlin, Germany, 2015.
• Shakshuki, E., Reid, M., Sheltami, T., “Dynamic Healthcare Interface for Patients”, the 5th International Conference on Current and Future Trends of Information and Communication Technologies in Healthcare, September 27-30, pp. 356–365, Berlin, Germany, 2015.
• Almadani, B., Bin-Yahya, M., Shakshuki, E, “E-AMBULANCE: Real-Time Integration Platform for Heterogeneous Medical Telemetry System”, the 5th International Conference on Current and Future Trends of Information and Communication Technologies in Healthcare, September 27-30, pp. 400-407, Berlin, Germany, 2015.
• Shakshuki, E., Reid, M., Sheltami, T., “An Adaptive User Interface in Healthcare”, the 12th International Conference on Mobile Systems and Pervasive Computing, August 17-20, pp. 49-58, Belfort, France, 2015.
• Almadani, B., Aliyu, F., Shakshuki, E, “Al-Yad: A Wearable Sensor Network over DDS Middleware for Industrial Application”, the 10th International Conference on Future Networks and Communications, Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, August 17-20, pp. 333-340, Belfort, France, 2015.
• Shakshuki, E., Malcolm, R., “Multi-Agent System Applications in Healthcare: Current Technology and Future Roadmap”, the 6th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies, Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, June 2-5, pp. 252-261, London, UK, 2015.
• Raad, M., Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “Ubiquitous Tele-health System for Elderly Patients with Alzheimer’s”, the 6th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies, Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, June 2-5, pp. 685-689, London, UK, 2015.
• Sheltami, T., Al-Roubaiey, A., Mahmoud, A., Shakshuki, E., “A Publish/Subscribe Middleware Cost in Wireless Sensor Networks”, the 28th annual IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, IEEE, May 3-6, pp. 1356-1363, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2015.
• Koubâa, A., Sriti, M., Bennaceur, H., Ammar, A., Javed, Y., Alajlan, M., Al-Elaiwi, N., Tounsi, M., Shakshuki, E., “COROS: A Multi-Agent Software Architecture for Cooperative and Autonomous Service Robots”, Book Chapter, Springer, May 19, pp. 3-30, 2015.
• Malik, H., Shakshuki, E., “Classification of Post-deployment Performance Diagnostic Techniques for Large-scale Software Systems”, The 5th International Conference on Emerging Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks, Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, September 22-25, pp. 244-251, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2014.
• Almadani, B., Khan, S., Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., Musaddiq, M., Saeed, B., “Automatic Vehicle Location and Monitoring System based on Data Distribution Service”, The 5th International Conference on Emerging Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks, Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, September 22-25, pp. 127-134, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2014.
• Alkhdour, T., Shakshuki, E., “Optimal Placement of RFID Antennas for Outdoor Applications”, The 9th International Conference on Future Networks and Communications (FNC 2014), Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, August 17-20, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, 2014.
• Basabaa, A., Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “Implementation of A3ACKs intrusion detection system under various mobility speeds”, The 5th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT 2014), Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, June 2-5, pp. 571-578, Hasselt, Belgium, 2014.
• Chaari, I., Koubaa, A., Bennaceur, H., Ammar, A., Triguia, S., Tounsi, M., Shakshuki, E., Youssef, H., “On the Adequacy of Tabu Search for Global Robot Path Planning Problem in Grid Environments”, The 5th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT 2014), Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, June 2-5, pp. 604-613, Hasselt, Belgium, 2014.
• Alkhdour, T., Shakshuki, E., Selim, S., Baroudi, U., “An Optimal Energy Efficient and Minimum Delay Scheduling for Periodic WSN Applications”, The 4th International Conference on Emerging Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks, Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, October 21-24, pp. 40-49, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, 2013.
• Hossain, M., Shakshuki, E., “A Negotiation Protocol for Meeting Scheduling Agent”, The 4th International Conference on Emerging Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks, Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, October 21-24, pp. 64-173, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, 2013.
• Alkhdour, T., Baroudi, U., Shakshuki, E., Selim, S., “An Optimal Cross-Layer Scheduling for Periodic WSN Applications”, The 4th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT 2013), Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, June 25-28, pp. 88-97, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2013.
• Hossain, M., Shakshuki, E., “A Deliberative Agent for Meeting Scheduling”, The 27th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA-2013), IEEE, March 25-28, pp. 732-739, Barcelona, Spain, 2013.
• Akhlaq, M., Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “An Integrated Protocol for Coverage, Connectivity and Communication (C3) in Wireless Sensor Networks”, The 27th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA-2013), IEEE, March 25-28, pp. 606-612, Barcelona, Spain, 2013.
• Shakshuki, E., Sheltami, T., Akhlaq, M., “Sandstorm Monitoring System Architecture using Agents and Sensor Networks”, The 10th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia (MoMM), ACM, pp. 253-256, December 3-5, Bali, Indonesia, 2012.
• Akhlaq, M., Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “Developing a Hybrid System for Sand and Dust Storm Detection using Satellite Imaging and WSNs”, The 14th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS), ACM, pp. 9-15, December 3-5, Bali, Indonesia, 2012.
• Vaz, E. Shakshuki, E., “Storage-based Smart Grid Communication Framework”, World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST), IEEE Computer Society, November 19-22, London, UK, 2012.
• Alasli, M., Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “Identifying the Direction of a Wind in Wireless Sensor Networks”, The 3rd International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies, Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, pp. 225-231, August 27-29, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, 2012.
• Alghamdi, W., Shakshuki, E., Sheltami, T., “Context-Aware Driver Assistance System”, The 9th International Conference on Mobile Web Information Systems (MobiWIS), Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, pp. 785-794, August 27-29, August 27-29, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, 2012.
• Alafari, K., Sheltami, T., Mahmoud, A., Shakshuki, E., “Self-Organizing Sensor Networks: Coverage Problem”, the 26th Queen's Biennial Symposium on Communications, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 91-96, May 28-29, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, 2012.
• Kang, N., Shakshuki, E., Sheltami, T., “Detecting Forged Acknowledgements in MANETs”, The 25th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 488-494, March 22-25, Biopolis, Singapore, 2011.
• Kang, N., Shakshuki, E., Sheltami, T., “Detecting Misbehaving Nodes in MANETs”, The 12th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS2010), ACM, pp. 216-222, November, 8-10, Paris, France, 2010.
• Shakshuki, E., Sheltami, T., “Agent-based Sandstorm Monitoring System Architecture using Sensor Networks”, International Engineering Conference on Hot Arid Regions (IECHAR), pp. 207-212, May 1-2, Al-Ahsa, KSA, 2010.
• Al-Roubaiey, A., Sheltami, T., Mahmoud, A., Shakshuki, E., Mouftah, H., “AACK: Adaptive Acknowledgment Intrusion Detection for MANET with Node Detection Enhancement”, The 24th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 634-640, Perth, Australia, April 20-27, 2010.
• Malik, H., Shakshuki, E., “Predicting Function Changes by Mining Revision History”, The 7th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 950-955, April 12-14, Las Vegas, USA, 2010.
• Shakshuki, E., Xing, X., Sheltami, T., “An Intelligent Agent for Fault Reconnaissance in Sensor Networks”, the 11th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS), ACM, pp. 137-144, December 14-16, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2009.
• Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “An Efficient RFID Solution to Expedite Services”, The 7th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia (MoMM), ACM, pp. 273-277, December 14-16, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2009.
• Shakshuki, E., Sheltami, T., Malik, H., Yang, C., “Investigation and Implementation of Border Nodes in S-MAC”, 12th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 350-357, Indianapolis, US, August 19-21, 2009.
• Shakshuki, E., Malik, H., Sheltami, T., “Lessons Learned: Simulation Vs WSN Deployment”, The 23rd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 580-587, Bradford, UK, May 26-29, 2009.
• Shakshuki, E., Sheltami, T., Kang, N, Xing, X., “Tracking Anonymous Sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks”, The 23rd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 510-516, Bradford, UK, May 26-29, 2009.
• Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “RFID-Based Smart Shopping Cart”, The Seventh Annual Conference on Communication Networks and Services Research, IEEE Computer Society, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada, May 11-13, 2009.
• Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., Maarouf, I., “Performance Evaluation for Geographical and Energy Aware Routing Protocol”, The 5th IEEE-GCC Communications and Signal Processing, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1-5, Kuwait, March 17-19, 2009.
• Shakshuki, E., Halliday, R., “An Algorithm Explanation Agent for the SHALEX System”, the 10th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS), ACM, pp. 292-298, November 24-26, Linz, Austria, 2008.
• Asif, H., Sheltami, T. Shakshuki, E., “Power Consumption Optimization and Delay Minimization in MANET Using Efficient Compression Scheme and Delay Minimizing Algorithm”, the 6th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and multimedia (MoMM), ACM, pp. 67-73, November 24-26, Linz, Austria, 2008.
• Xing, X., Shakshuki, E., Benoit, D., Sheltami, T., “Security Analysis and Authentication Improvement for IEEE 802.11i Specification”, IEEE Globecom 2008, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1-5, New Orleans, LA, US, November 30-December 4, 2008.
• Malik, H., Shakshuki, E., Sheltami, T., “Agent Based Analytical Model for Energy Consumption among Border Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks”, 11th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, pp. 189-201, Turin, Italy, September 1-5, 2008.
• Shakshuki, E., Xing, X., “A Fault Inference Mechanism in Sensor Networks Using Markov Chain”, The 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 628-635, GinoWan, Okinawa, Japan, March 25-28, 2008.
• Shakshuki, E, Xing, X., Zhang, H., “Agent-based Fault Detection Mechanism in Wireless Sensor Networks”, The IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT’07), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 31-34, November 2-5, Silicon Valley, USA, 2007.
• Malik, H., Shakshuki, E, Xing, X., “Agent Based Approach towards Energy Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks”, The 2007 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 2149-2154, October 7-10, Montréal, Canada, 2007.
• Trudel, A., Shakshuki, E., Xu, Y., “A Probabilistic Multi-Agent Scheduler Implemented in JXTA”, The 10th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, pp. 248-257, Regensburg, Germany, September 3-9, 2007.
• Shakshuki, E, Malik, H., Xing, X., “Agent-based Routing for Wireless Sensor Network”, The 2007 International Conference on Intelligent Computing (ICIC’07), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, pp. 68-79, August 21-24, Qingdao, China, 2007.
• Tomek, I., Shakshuki, E., Madala, K., Giles, R., “Rich and Thin Groupware Mobile Clients”, The Thirteenth Australasian World Wide Web Conference, Charlesworth Bay, Australia, 30th June - 4th July, 2007.
• Shakshuki, E., Xing, X., Malik, H., “Mobile Agent for Efficient Routing Among Source Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks”, The 3rd International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (ICAS), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1-6, June 19-25, Athens, Greece, 2007.
• Malik, H., Shakshuki, E., “Data Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Software Agents”, The 21st International Symposium on High Performance Computing Systems and Applications, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1-7, May 13-16, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, 2007.
• Shakshuki, E., Malik, H., “Agent Based Approach to Minimize Energy Consumption for Border Nodes”, The 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 134-141, May 21-23, Niagara Falls, Canada, 2007.
• Denko, M., Shakshuki, E., Malik, H., “A Mobility-aware and Cross-layer Based Middleware for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, The 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 474-481, May 21-23, Niagara Falls, Canada, 2007.
• Shakshuki, E., Koo, H., Benoit, D., “Negotiation Strategies for Agent-based Meeting Scheduling System”, International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 637-642, April 2-4, Las Vegas, USA, 2007.
• Demmings, B., Shakshuki, E., Müldner, T., “AETA: Algorithm Explanation Teaching Agent”, International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 616-621, April 2-4, Las Vegas, USA, 2007.
• Tomek, I., Shakshuki, E., Giles, R., Madala, K., “Two Mobile Clients for Collaboration”, IADIS International Conference on Applied Computing, pp. 515-519, Salamanca, Spain, February 18-20, 2007.
• Trudel, A, Shakshuki, E., Xu, Y, Li, B., “Multi-agent Interval Algebra Networks”, the 6th International Conference on Recent Advances in Soft Computing (RASC), pp. 182-187, July 10-12, Canterbury, UK, 2006.
• Benoit, D., Shakshuki, E., “Evaluation and Use of Tablet PCs at Acadia University”, The 7th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET’07), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 315-387, July 10-13, Sydney, Australia, 2006.
• Tomek, I., Gong, R., Shakshuki, E., Giles, R., “Support for End-User Programming in FCVW”, The Twelfth Australasian World Wide Web Conference (AusWeb), pp. 235-241, July 1-5, Australia, 2006.
• Benoit, D., Shakshuki, E., “Experience and Evaluation in Using Tablet PCs at Acadia University”, In the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications (Ed-Media), pp. 1461- 1468, June 26-30, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2006.
• Zaman, M. S., Rafiqul Islam M., Shakshuki, E., Hussain, S., “Measurement of Petroleum Reservoir Data using Wireless Sensor Networks”, the 36th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering (CIE ), IEEE Computer Society, June 20-23, Taipei, Taiwan., 2006.
• Madala, K., Tomek, I., Shakshuki, E., Giles, R., “A Thin Mobile Client for a Groupware Application”, COOP 2006 the 7th International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems, pp. 211-223, Provence, France, May 9-12, 2006.
• Hussain, S., Shakshuki, E., Matin, W., Matin, R., “Collaborative Agents for Data Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks”, The 20th International Symposium on High Performance Computing Systems and Applications, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 101-107, May 14-17, Newfoundland, Canada, 2006.
• Shakshuki, E., Hussain, S., Matin, W., Matin, R., “Agent-based peer-to-peer layered architecture for data transfer in Wireless Sensor Networks”, The IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GrC), IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, pp. 490-493, May 10-12, Atlanta, USA, 2006.
• Shakshuki, E., Matin, R., Matin, W., “Learning Observer Agents”, The 20th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 367-372, April 18-20, Vienna, Austria, 2006.
• Shakshuki, E., Prabhu, O., “Agent Launch Pattern for Creating Agents”, International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 131-136, April 10-12, Las Vegas, USA, 2006.
• Shakshuki, E., Matin, R., “RL-Agent - an Agent that Learns in Collaborative Virtual Environment”, International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 90-95, April 10-12, Las Vegas, USA, 2006.
• Shakshuki, E., Lei, M., Tomek, I., Maamar, Z., “Mobile Client for Collaborative Virtual Workplace”, The 4th International Multiconference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT), pp. 363-372, April 5-7, Amman, Jordan, 2006.
• Tomek, I., Shakshuki, E., Peng, A., Koo, H., Gong, R., Giles, R., “FCVW - A Federated Collaborative Virtual Workspace”, IADIS International Conference on Applied Computing, pp. 249-257, February 25-28, San Sebastian, Spain, 2006.
• Shakshuki, E., Lei, M., Tomek, I., “A Rich Client for CSCW”, IADIS International Conference on Applied Computing, pp. 618-621, February 25-28, San Sebastian, Spain, 2006.
• Shakshuki, E., Giles, R. and Prabhu, O., “Experience in Teaching an Introductory Software Engineering Course”, The 6th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET’05), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 7-13 (T3C), July 7-9, Juan Dolio, Dominican Republic, 2005.
• Wang, Y. and Shakshuki, E., “An Agent-based Semantic Web Department Management System”, The 6th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET’05), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1-6 (F3C), July 7-9, Juan Dolio, Dominican Republic, 2005.
• Tomek, I., Shakshuki, E., Peng, A., Koo, H., Gong, R., Prabhu, O., “Towards Integrated Comprehensive Support of Software Development Teams”, IADIS International Conference on e-Society, pp. 347-354, June 27-30, Qawra, Malta, 2005.
• Müldner, T., Shakshuki, E., Kerren, A., Shen, Z., Bai, X., “Using Structured Hypermedia to Explain Algorithms”, IADIS International Conference on e-Society, pp. 499-503, June 27-30, Qawra, Malta, 2005.
• Shakshuki, E. and Morcous, G., “Software Agents in Bridge Management”, the 2005 International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering (IKE'05), pp. 85-90, June 20-23, Las Vegas, USA, 2005.
• Shakshuki, E. and Koo, H., “Distributed Meeting Scheduler Agents”, the 2005 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI'05), pp. 87-93, June 20-23, Las Vegas, USA, 2005.
• Shakshuki, E., “A Methodology for Evaluating Agent Toolkits”, International Conference on Information Technology (ITCC2005), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 391-396, April 4-6, Las Vegas, USA, 2005.
• Shakshuki, E., Tomek, I. and Prabhu, O., “Client Software Agents in FCVW”, International Conference on Information Technology (ITCC2005), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 335-340, April 4-6, Las Vegas, USA, 2005.
• Müldner, T., Shakshuki, E., Luo, Z. and Powell, M., “Management of Distributed Data”, International Conference on Information Management and Business, pp. 21-27, March 25-26, Taipei, Taiwan, 2005.
• Müldner, T., Shakshuki, E. and Merrill, J., “Yet another Way to Explain Algorithms”, The IASTED International Conference on Computers and Advanced Technology in Education (CATE), pp. 136-141, August 16-18, Kauai, Hawaii, USA, 2004.
• Tomek, I. and Shakshuki, E., “Scaling Up and Retargeting CVW”, In the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications (Ed-Media), pp. 454-461, June 21-26, Lugano, Switzerland, 2004.
• Müldner, T. and Shakshuki, E., “On Visualization and Implementation of Algorithms”, the 2004 International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Methods (MSV'04), pp. 136-141, June 21-24, Las Vegas, USA, 2004.
• Müldner, T., Shakshuki, E. and Merrill, J., “Selecting Media for Explaining Algorithms”, In the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications (Ed-Media), pp. 2048-2053, June 21-26, Lugano, Switzerland, 2004.
• Shakshuki, E., Müldner, T. and Haughn, B., “ATIA: Algorithm Teaching Interface Agent”, The 5th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET’05), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 138-143, May 31st – June 2nd, Istanbul, Turkey, 2004.
• Shakshuki, E. and Rahim, K., “Multiple Reinforcement Learning Agents in a Static Environment”, The 17th International Conference on Industrial & Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems, pp. 997-1006, May 17-20, 2004, Ottawa, Canada, 2004.
• Shakshuki, E. and Jun, Y., “Multi-agent Development Toolkits: An Evaluation”, The 17th International Conference on Industrial & Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems, pp. 209-218, May 17-20, 2004, Ottawa, Canada, 2004.
• Shakshuki, E. and Wang, Y., “An Ontology-based Multi-Agent Information Retrieval System”, The Eighth Maghrebian Conference on Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence (MCSEAI’04), pp. 199-210, May 9-12, Sousse, Tunisia, 2004.
• Müldner, T. and Shakshuki, E., “A New Approach to Learning Algorithms”, International Conference on Information Technology (ITCC2004), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 141-145, April 5-7, Las Vegas, USA, 2004.
• Shakshuki, E., Luo, Z., Gong, J. and Chen, Q., “Multi-agent System for Security Service”, The 18th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 303-308, March 29-31, Fukuoka, Japan, 2004.
• Shakshuki, E., ‘‘Help People to Learn Using Agent-Oriented Approach’’, The 4th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET’03), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 690-694, July 7-9, Marrakech, Morocco, 2003.
• Shakshuki, E. Koch, L., and Kamel, M., ‘‘Evaluation of Multi-Agent Toolkits: A Benchmark’’, the 2003 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IC-AI'03), pp. 797-802, June 23-26, Las Vegas, USA, 2003.
• Shakshuki, E., ‘‘Intelligent Agents for Interactive Learning’’, the IASTED International Conference on Neural Networks and Computational Intelligence (NCI), pp. 1-6, May 19 - 21, Cancun, Mexico, 2003.
• Shakshuki, E. and Wang, Y., ‘‘Using Agent-based Approach to Tracking Moving Objects’’, The International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 578-581, March 27- 29, Xi'an, China, 2003.
• Shakshuki, E. and Dang, T., ‘‘Agent-based Cooperative Distributed Tutoring Systems’’, The Seventh Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (PRICAI-02), pp. 594, August 18-22, National Center of Sciences, Tokyo, Japan, 2002.
• Shakshuki, E., ‘‘Intelligent Agents for Open Environments’’, The 6th IASTED International Conference Artificial Intelligence & Soft Computing (ASC 2002), pp. 37-41, July 17-19, Banff, Alberta, Canada, 2002.
• Silver, D. and Shakshuki, E., ‘‘Knowledge Management: Integrating Perspectives’’, International Conference on Knowledge Management, pp. 254-259, July 11-12, Graz, Austria, 2002.
• Shakshuki, E. and Dang, T., ‘‘Advisory Agents for Computer-Based Tutoring Systems’’, the 2002 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IC-AI'02), pp. 381-385, June 24-27, Las Vegas, USA, 2002.
• Shakshuki, E. and Silver, D., ‘‘Agent-Oriented Knowledge Management System Architecture ’’, the 2002 International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering (IKE'02), pp. 229-233, June 24-27, Las Vegas, USA, 2002.
• Koch, L., Shakshuki, E. and Kamel, M., “Benchmark Tests to Evaluate Multi-agent Toolkits”, the Third International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS), Linz Austria, pp. 441-443, September 2001.

Refereed Workshop Papers

• Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., Mouftah, M., “Performance Evaluation of TELOSB Sensor Network”, in the Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Intelligent Systems Techniques for Ad hoc and Wireless Sensor Networks (IST-AWSN'09), ACM, pp. 582-586, December 14-16, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2009.
• Sheltami, T., Shakshuki, E., “Neighbor-Aware Clusterhead with Different Sleep Scheduling Protocols”, International Workshop on Next Generation of Wireless and Mobile Networks (NGWMN-08), in conjunction with the 37th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP-08), IEEE Computer Society, pp. 143-147, September 8-12, Portland, Oregon, USA, 2008.
• Malik, H., Shakshuki, E., Dewolf, T., Denko, M., “Multi-agent System for Directed Diffusion in Wireless Sensor Networks”, in the Proceedings of The Third International Workshop on Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (HWISE 2007), in conjunction with the 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 635-640, May 21-23, Niagara Falls, Canada, 2007.
• Shakshuki, E., Hussain, S., Matin. R, Matin, W., “P2P Multi-agent Data Transfer and Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks”, the First IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Systems Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks (IST-WSN’06), in conjunction with the Third IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS'06), Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 9-12, 2006.
• Hussain, S., Islam, M.R., Shakshuki, E., Zaman, M.S., “Agent-based Petroleum Offshore Monitoring Using Sensor Networks”, Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Self-Adaptive and Autonomic Computing Systems (SAACS'06), in conjunction with 17th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA'06), IEEE Computer Society, Krakow, Poland, pp. 103-107, September 4-8, 2006.
• Shakshuki, E., Koo, H., “Software Agents for Meeting Scheduler”, in the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Web and Mobile Information Systems (WAMIS), in conjunction with the 20th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 252-256, April 18-20, Vienna, Austria, 2006.
• Hussain, S., Shakshuki, E., Matin, W., “Agent-based System Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks”, in the Proceedings of The Second International Workshop on Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (HWISE 2006), in conjunction with the 20th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 296-300, April 18-20, Vienna, Austria, 2006.
• Shakshuki, E., Trudel, A., Xu, Y. and Li, B., “A Probabilistic Temporal Interval Algebra Based Multi-agent Scheduling System”, in the Proceedings of the IJCAI International Workshop on Multi-Agent Information Retrieval and Recommender Systems, in conjunction with the Nineteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 62-69, July 31, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2005.
• Shakshuki, E., Tomek, I. and Prabhu, O., “Agent Frameworks in FCVW”, in the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Web and Mobile Information Systems (WAMIS), in conjunction with the 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 768-773, March 29, Taipei, Taiwan, 2005.
• Shakshuki, E. and Abu-draz, S., “Agent-mediated E-commerce System”, in the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Web and Mobile Information Systems (WAMIS), in conjunction with the 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 739-744, March 29, Taipei, Taiwan, 2005.
• Müldner, T., Luo, Z. and Shakshuki, E., “Distribution of Data and Remote Invocation of Programs”, in the Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Information Networking and Applications, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 429-432, March 28-30, Taipei, Taiwan, 2005.
• Ma, Z., Silver, D. and Shakshuki, E., “An Agent-based Framework for User Profile Management”, in the Proceedings of Business Agents and the Semantic Web (BASeWEB) Workshop, in conjunction with the Seventeen Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 45-54, May 16, London, Ontario, Canada, 2004.
• Ma, Z., Silver, D. and Shakshuki, E., “User Profile Framework for Agent-based Grid Computing”, in the Proceedings of Knowledge Grid and Grid Intelligence Workshop, in conjunction with 2003 IEEE/WIC International Conference on Web Intelligence / Intelligent Agent Technology, pp. 82-91, October 13-16, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2003.
• Abu-draz, S. and Shakshuki, E., “Peer to Peer Multi-agent System for Online Trading”, in the Proceedings of Business Agents and the Semantic Web (BASeWEB) Workshop, in conjunction with the Sixteenth Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 73-81, June 11-13, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2003.
• Shakshuki, E., Ghenniwa, H. and Kamel, M., “A Multi-Agent System Architecture for Information Gathering”, in the Proceedings of the Eleventh International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA'2000), IEEE Computer Society, London, UK, pp. 732-736, September 2000.
• Shakshuki, E., Ghenniwa, H. and Kamel, M., “Information Gathering System: Internet Navigation”, in the Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on Intelligent Information Integration, in conjunction with the Nineteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), Stockholm, Sun SITE Central Europe (CEUR)-WS, vol. 23, Sweden, July 1999.

Refereed Book Chapters

• Shakshuki, E., Xing, X., Malik, H., “An Introduction to Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks”, Handbook of Research on Mobile Multimedia, second edition, IGI Global publication, Chapter I, pp. 1-16, 2008.
• Müldner, T., Shakshuki, E., Kerren, A., “Algorithm Education Using Structured Hypermedia”, Strategic Applications of Distance Learning Technologies, Idea Group Inc., Chapter V, pp. 58-84, 2008.
• Malik, H., Shakshuki, E., Denko, M., “Intelligent Medium Access Control Protocol for WSN”, Information Science Reference, Encyclopaedia of Mobile Computing & Commerce, pp. 328-333, 2007.

Posters

• Kang, N. and Shakshuki, E., “Malicious Platform Reconnaissance over Agent-based Wireless Sensor Networks”, The 21st Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag, May 27, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, 2008.
• Kerren, A., Müldner, T., Shakshuki, E., “Novel Algorithm Explanation Techniques for Improving Programmer Education, ACM Symposium on Software Visualization (SoftVis06), September 4-5, Brighton, UK, 2006.
• Tomek, I., Shakshuki, E., Gong, R., Koo, A., Lei, H., Peng, A., Prabhu, O., Giles, R., “FCVW - Federated Collaborative Virtual Workspace”, In the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages And Applications (OOPSLA), San Diego, California, USA, 2005.
• Koo, H. and Shakshuki, E., “An Automated Distributed Meeting Scheduler for FCVW Plug-in”, In Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI, July 9-13, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, 2005.
• Shakshuki, E., Lei, M. and Tomek, I., “Intelligent Agents in Collaborative E-Learning Environments”, In the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications (Ed-Media), pp. 769-775, June 21-26, Lugano, Switzerland, 2004.
• Jun, Y. and Shakshuki, E., “Performance Evaluation of Agent Toolkits”, in The Seventh Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, May 17-19, London, Ontario, Canada, 2004.
• Wang, Y. and Shakshuki, E., “A Multi-Agent System for Semantic Information Retrieval”, in the Seventh Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, May 17-19, London, Ontario, Canada, 2004.
• Lei, M., Shakshuki, E. and Tomek, I., “Software Agents in CVW”, in The Seventh Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, May 17-19, London, Ontario, Canada, 2004.
• Wang, Y. and Shakshuki, E., ‘‘Multi-agent Architecture for Tracking Moving Objects’’, in The Sixteenth Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, June 11-13, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2003.
• Abu-draz, S. and Shakshuki, E., ‘‘Agent-based Trading System’’, in The Sixteenth Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, June 11-13, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2003.
• Shakshuki, E. and Kajonpotisuwan, P., ‘‘Multi-agent System Architecture for Computer-based Tutoring Systems’’, in The Fifteenth Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, May 27-29, Alberta, Canada, 2002.
• Shakshuki, E., Ghenniwa, H. and Kamel, M., “Multi-agent Information Gathering System”, in the Nineteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), Stockholm, Sweden, July 1999.